Process of making concrete piles.



, l PATENTED SEPT. 15; 1903. l Y Pf SHUMAN. PROCESS OPMAKINC CONCRETE PILES.

APPLICATION TLED JUNE 8. 1903.

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E PEocEss 0E MAKING CONCRETE PILES SHUMAN.

APPLICATION FILED JUNEB. 1903.

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UNITED STATES Patented September 15, 1903',

PATENT EFIGE.

FRANK SHUMAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PROCESS OF MAKING 4CONCRETE PILES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 739,268, dated September 15, 1903.

Original application tiled April 23, 1903, Serial No. 153,974. Divided and this application filed `J'une 8, 1903. Serial No. 160,633- (No specimens.)

To all whom t 'may concern;

Be it known that I, FRANK SHUMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain Improvements in Processes of Making Conl crete Piles, (the same being a division of my formed thereby with concrete or cement in' fluid or plastic form, which when it becomes set forms the permanent pile.

The object of my invention is to render the removable preparatory pile available for under-water work or for use in unstable ground.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view illustrating the first stage in the formation underwater of a concrete pile in accordance with my invention. Fig. 21s a similar view illustrating the second stage of the operation. Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating the final stage of the operation. Figs. 4 and 5 are sectional Views of other forms of preparatory pile constructed for carrying outv my invention, and Fig.' 6 is a sectional view illustrating the preferred method of procedure adopted when such special forms of pile are employed.

Referring rst to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings, 1 represents the preparatory pile, which, as shown,'is in the form of a metal tube, although it may be a solid pile of wood or metal, if desired, this pile being provided at the top with a suitable driving-head 2 and at the bottom with a point 3, Whichin the present instance is detachable from the pile, and is also of so much greater diameter than said pile 1 that there is no likelihood of the latter coming into contact to any material eX- tent with the walls of the opening formed by driving the pile. By this means the driving of the pile is facilitated, since the sides of the same are free from frictional contact Wi th the walls lof the opening, and the withdrawal of the pile is also facilitated, since such withdrawal is not interfered with by frictional hold of the earth upon the pile. The preparatory pile is combinedY with a @offer-dam for preventing access of water or silt to the opening formed by said preparatory pile in the firmground beneath or for preventing the caving in ofthe walls of the opening when the latter is being formed in unstable ground.l

As shown in Fig. l, the' coffer-dam consists of a tubular casing 1l, of sheet metal or other available material, `resting at its lower end upon a shoulder 12 of the enlarged point 3 of the pile and of sdftlcient length to extend in Fig. 2,can be effected without further downward movement of the casing 11, and when the desired depth of opening has been formed the pile 1 can be withdrawn, leaving the point 3 at the bottom of the opening, such withdrawal effecting no disturbance of the vposition of said casing 11, which thus serves to keep the opening free from Water or mud during the introduction of the concrete into the opening above the point 3 and into the casing 11, as shown in Fig.3. If the point is attached to the pile, the casing 11 will be sufiiciently large to permit of the withdrawal 'of said point with the pile, and the clamp 13 will be lifted from said casing ll when in the withdrawal of the pile 1 the point 3 comes into contact with said clamp. In case the ground is of the nature of quicksand or such as to preclude the opening from retaining its shape after the preparatory pile has pulled out the @offer-dam casing 11 may be of the full length of the pile and riveted or otherwise firmly fastened to the point and permitted to remain in the opening with said point when the pile is withdrawn, the casing being preferably slightly less in diameter, thanthe greatest diameter, of the point. The casing in a pile of this character should preferably be supported at different points throughout its length by the pile l in such manner as not to interfere with the free withdrawal of said pile. Such support may be provided by means of interposed rings, as shown at l5 in Fig. 4, or the entire space between the pile 1 and the coffer-dam casing ll may be tilled with mineral pitch or other easily-melted material,such as Shown at 16 in Fig. 5, which material will retain its solid form and provide the necessary support for the casing ll during the driving of the pile, but can then be readily melted by forcing steam or heated air into the pile l preparatory to the withdrawal of the same. By this means a Very thin shell can be driven to a great depth into very bad ground. I prefer in all cases to remove the Colfer-dam casing from the opening after the withdrawal of the preparatory pile, so that the concrete of which the permanent pile is composed will directly engage the earthy walls of the opening. Such withdrawal of the coffer-dam casing is permitted even when the nature ot' the ground is unstable by first filling the concrete into the lower end of the @offer-dam and then withdrawing the latter either slowly and continuously or intermittentlyalittle atati me, so as to permit the concrete to fiow out from the lowerend of the coffer-daminto theopening above the point 3,sui" cient head of concrete being always maintained in the lower end of the colfer-dam to prevent any caving in of the walls of the opening as said cotlierdam is withdrawn.

Having thus described my invention, l claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory pile with a Cotter-dam around the same, sinking said pile and colfer-dam into position to form a hole, withdrawing the pile, and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

2. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory pile with a detachable point and a surrounding coffer-dam, sinking said pile and collier-dam into position to form a hole, withdrawing the pile without the point, and then filling the hole, above said point with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specilied.

3. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory pile with an enlarged point and a surrounding coier-dam, sinking said pile and coer-dam into position to form a hole, withdrawing the pile and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

4. The method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with an enlarged and detachable point and a surrounding cofter-dam, sinking said pile and co'ler-dam into position to form a hole, with drawing the pile without the point, and then filling the hole,above said point with concrete,

and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

5. The method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with a surrounding coffer-dam, sinking said pile and coffer-dam into position to form a hole, continuing the movement of the pile to form a hole below the Cotter-dam, then withdrawing the pile and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

6. The method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with a detachable point and a surrounding coiTer-dam, sinking said pile and cotfcr-dam into position to form a hole, continuing the movement of the pile to form ahole below the cofler-dam, then withdrawing the pile, without the point, and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

7. The method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming'a preparatory pile with an enlarged point, and a surrounding coffer-dam, sinking said pile and Colfer-dam into position to form a hole, continuing the movement of the pile to form a hole below the collier-dam, then withdrawing the pile, and then lling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified. 8. The method ot' forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with an enlarged and detachable point and a surrounding coffer-dam, sinking said pile and Colfer-dam into position to form a hole, continuing the movement of the pile to form a hole below the cofferdam, then withdrawing the pile, without the point, and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

9. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory pile withsurrounding coler-dam,sinkingsaid pile and Cotter-dam into position to 'form a hole, withdrawing the pile, then illing the hole with concrete and contemporaneously withdrawing the coffer-dam as the concrete accu mnlates therein, and then permitting the concrete to set, substantially as specified.

10. The method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with an enlarged point and surrounding coffer-dam, sinking said pile and coffer-dam into position to form a hole, withdrawing the pile, then filling the hole with concrete and contemporaneously withdrawing the coiffer-dam as the concrete accumulates therein, and then permitting the concrete to set, substantially as specied.

11. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory pile with detachable point and surrounding coffer-dam, sinking said pile and coler-dam into position to form a hole, withdrawing the pile, without the point filling the hole, above the point, withconcrete and contemporaneously IIO IZO

withdrawing the coffer-dam as the concrete accumulates therein, and then permitting the concrete to set, substantially as specified.

12. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory plie with enlarged and vdetachable point and surrounding coffer-Adam, sinking said pile and cofEer-dam into position to form a hole,with drawing the pile, without the point, filling the hole, above said point, with concrete, and contemporaneously withdrawing the coffer-dam as the concrete accumulates therein, and then permitting the concrete to set, substantially as specified.

13. The method of forming concrete piles,

which consists in forming a'preparatory pileA position to form a hole, withdrawing thepile,

Without the concrete point, and then filling `the hole, above said point, with concrete, and vpermitting the latter toset, substantially as specified.

l5. The method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with a detachable point composed of concrete, and a surrounding coder-dam, sinking said pile and cofEer-dam into position to form a hole, continuing the movement of the pile to form a hole below the coder-dam, then withdrawing the pile, without the concrete point, and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter toset, substantially as specified.

16. rlhe method of forming concrete piles which consists in forming a preparatory pile with an enlarged and detachable point composedgof concrete, and a surrounding coderdam, sinking said pile and Golfer-dam intoy position to form ahole, continuing the movement of the pille to form a hole below the cof- A fer-dam, then withdrawing the pile, without the concrete point, and then filling the hole with concrete and permitting the latter to set, substantially as specified.

. 17. The method of'forming concrete piles,

which consists in forming a preparatory pile with detachable point composed of concrete, and surrounding @offer-dam, sinking said pile and ooffer-dam into position to form a hole,

withdrawing the pile, 'without the concrete` point, filling the hole, above the point, with concrete, and contemporaneously withdrawing the coder-dam as the concrete accumulates therein, and then permitting the con crete to set, substantially as specitied.

18. The method of forming concrete piles, which consists in forming a preparatory pile with enlarged and detachable point composed of concrete, and surrounding @offer-dam,

sinking said pile and coffer-dam into position to form a hole, withdrawing the pile, without the concrete point, lling the hole above said point with concrete, and -contemporaneously withdrawing the coder-dam as the concrete accum ulates therein, and then permitting the concrete to set, substantially as specified.

In` testimony whereof I have signed vmy name to this specification in the presence of .two subscribing witnesses.

FRANKY SHUMAN. Witnesses: y

F. E. BEoHroLD, WILL; A. BARR. 

